Decks & Structures
Understand deck systems as connected structural, drainage and access decisions.
Wood Decking: Species, Grades and ExposureWood decking can be repairable and visually warm, but performance depends on species, grade, treatment, fasteners, ventilation and maintenance.Composite and PVC DeckingManufactured boards can reduce coating work, but they still require correct framing, ventilation, fastening, expansion gaps and cleaning.Attached vs Freestanding DecksAn attached deck transfers load and moisture-management responsibilities to the house; a freestanding deck avoids a ledger but still needs lateral stability and foundations.Footings, Posts, Soil and FrostFoundations must transfer deck loads into suitable soil while accounting for frost, fill, water, slope and nearby excavations.Ledgers, Flashing and Water ManagementWhere a deck attaches to a house, the ledger and flashing are both structural and building-envelope details.Joists, Beams, Framing and ConnectionsDeck framing is a load path made of boards, joists, beams, posts, footings, connectors and lateral restraint—not a collection of independent lumber sizes.Deck Stairs, Guards and HandrailsStairs and guards are safety systems whose geometry, openings, loads, graspability and landings are controlled locally.Multi-Level and Raised DecksChanges in level can organize a sloped site but add foundations, stairs, guards, drainage and inspection points.Under-Deck Areas, Skirting and DrainageThe space below a deck needs drainage, ventilation, inspection access and a clear purpose before it is enclosed or used for storage.